Biophysical environment

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Tanzania has over 800 km of coastline, characterised by a mixture of beautiful sandy beaches, rocky outcrops, extensive coral reefs, and dense mangrove stands, especially around river deltas. Among the more famous of these natural resources are the beaches of Bagamoyo, the Jozani Forest Reserve, the coral reefs of Mafia, Zanzibar and Pemba, and the Amboni Caves. These coastal ecosystems support a wide variety of marine life.

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Tanzania has over 800 km of coastline, characterised by a mixture of beautiful sandy beaches, rocky outcrops, extensive coral reefs, and dense mangrove stands, especially around river deltas. Among the more famous of these natural resources are the beaches of Bagamoyo, the Jozani Forest Reserve, the coral reefs of Mafia, Zanzibar and Pemba, and the Amboni Caves. These coastal ecosystems support a wide variety of marine life.

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The Third Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Eastern African Region (Nairobi Convention) was held at the Rovuma Carlton Hotel, Maputo, Mozambique, from 5 to 7 December 2001. The Meeting was convened by the Secretariat of the Nairobi Convention and hosted by the Government of Mozambique.

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Countries in the Western Indian Ocean are endowed with coastal and marine ecosystems rich in biodiversity and luxuriant resources that are important to the wellbeing of their people. However, these resources are under pressure from a variety of natural and man-made factors, including; resource overexploitation, pollution, unplanned coastal development and climate change. Marine litter is becoming a significant contributor to marine pollution in the World Oceans and Western Indian Ocean (WIO), is not exempt. Over 80% of marine pollution that constitute marine litter

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The key objectives of the regional oil and gas development capacity are:
1. To establish and strengthen capacity in legal and regulatory framework in the WIO Region including enhancing standards, guidelines and best practices of existing policy,legal and institutional frameworks within the countries.
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The relationship between environment, society and economy in urban centres are of key importance in the WIO region. In particular, there is a need to better understand these interdependencies, and the associated constraints to achieving the objectives of the SDGs, the Paris Climate Agreement and the Sendai Risk and Disaster Reduction Framework. This understanding should inform planning and decision-making in city environments.
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Somali has the longest coastline in Africa (3,330km) and an EEZ of 1,165,500 Km2, there is potential to  sustainably increase employment, food security, nutrition and revenues from its fisheries but there is currently